1. MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

• 1.1 Physical Nature of Matter

• 1.3 States of Matter
  • 1.3.1 THE SOLID STATE
  • 1.3.2 THE LIQUID STATE
  • 1.3.3 THE GASEOUS STATE

• 1.4 Can Matter Change its State?
  • 1.4.1 EFFECT OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE
  • 1.4.2 EFFECT OF CHANGE OF PRESSURE

• 1.5 Evaporation
  • 1.5.1 FACTORS AFFECTING EVAPORATION
  • 1.5.2 HOW DOES EVAPORATION CAUSE COOLING?

2. IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

• 2.1 What is a Mixture?
  • 2.1.1 TYPES OF MIXTURES

• 2.2 What is a Solution?
  • 2.2.1 CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
  • 2.2.2 What is a suspension?
  • 2.2.3 WHAT IS A COLLOIDAL SOLUTION?

• 2.3 Separating the Components of a Mixture
  • 2.3.1 HOW CAN WE OBTAIN COLOURED COMPONENT (DYE) FROM BLUE/BLACK INK?
  • 2.3.2 HOW CAN WE SEPARATE CREAM FROM MILK?
  • 2.3.3 HOW CAN WE SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS?
  • 2.3.4 HOW CAN WE SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF SALT AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE?
  • 2.3.5 IS THE DYE IN BLACK INK A SINGLE COLOUR?
  • 2.3.6 HOW CAN WE SEPARATE A MIXTURE OF TWO MISCIBLE LIQUIDS?
  • 2.3.7 HOW CAN WE OBTAIN DIFFERENT GASES FROM AIR ?
  • 2.3.8 HOW CAN WE OBTAIN PURE COPPER SULPHATE FROM AN IMPURE SAMPLE?

• 2.4 Physical and Chemical Changes

• 2.5 What are the Types of Pure Substances?
  • 2.5.1 ELEMENTS
  • 2.5.2 COMPOUNDS

3. ATOMS AND MOLECULES

• 3.1 Laws of Chemical Combination
  • 3.1.1 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

• 3.2 What is an Atom?
  • 3.2.1 WHAT ARE THE MODERN DAY SYMBOLS OF ATOMS OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS?
  • 3.2.2 ATOMIC MASS
  • 3.2.3 HOW DO ATOMS EXIST?

• 3.4 Writing Chemical Formulae
  • 3.4.1 FORMULAE OF SIMPLE COMPOUNDS

• 3.5 Molecular Mass and Mole Concept
  • 3.5.1 MOLECULAR MASS
  • 3.5.2 FORMULA UNIT MASS
  • 3.5.3 MOLE CONCEPT

4. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM

• 4.1 Charged Particles in Matter

• 4.2 The Structure of an Atom
  • 4.2.1 THOMSON’S MODEL OF AN ATOM
  • 4.2.2 RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF AN ATOM
  • 4.2.3 BOHR’S MODEL OF ATOM
  • 4.2.4 NEUTRONS

• 4.3 How are Electrons Distributed in Different Orbits (Shells)?

• 4.4 Valency

• 4.5 Atomic Number and Mass Number
  • 4.5.1 ATOMIC NUMBER
  • 4.5.2 MASS NUMBER

• 4.6 Isotopes
  • 4.6.1 ISOBARS

5. THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

• 5.1 What are Living Organisms Made Up of?

• 5.2 What is a Cell Made Up of?
  • 5.2.1 PLASMA MEMBRANE
  • 5.2.1 CELL MEMBRANE
  • 5.2.2 CELL WALL
  • 5.2.3 NUCLEUS
  • 5.2.4 CYTOPLASM
  • 5.2.5 CELL ORGANELLES
  • 5.2.5 (i) ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
  • 5.2.5 (ii) GOLGI APPARATUS
  • 5.2.5 (iii) LYSOSOMES
  • 5.2.5 (iv) MITOCHONDRIA
  • 5.2.5 (V) PLASTIDS
  • 5.2.5 (vi) VACUOLES

6. TISSUES

• 6.2 Plant Tissues
  • 6.2.1 MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
  • 6.2.2 PERMANENT TISSUE
  • 6.2.2 (i) SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
  • 6.2.2 (ii) COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE

• 6.3 Animal Tissues
  • 6.3.1 EPITHELIAL TISSUE
  • 6.3.2 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • 6.3.3 MUSCULAR TISSUE
  • 6.3.4 NERVOUS TISSUE

7. DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

• 7.1 What is the Basis of Classification?

• 7.2 Classification and Evolution

• 7.3 The Hierarchy of Classification-Groups
  • 7.3.1 MONERA
  • 7.3.2 PROTISTA
  • 7.3.3 FUNGI
  • 7.3.4 PLANTAE
  • 7.3.5 ANIMALIA

• 7.4 Plantae
  • 7.4.1 THALLOPHYTA
  • 7.4.2 BRYOPHYTA
  • 7.4.3 PTERIDOPHYTA
  • 7.4.4 GYMNOSPERMS
  • 7.4.5 ANGIOSPERMS

• 7.5 Animalia
  • 7.5.1 PORIFERA
  • 7.5.2 COELENTERATA (CNIDARIA)
  • 7.5.3 PLATYHELMINTHES
  • 7.5.4 NEMATODA
  • 7.5.5 ANNELIDA
  • 7.5.6 ARTHROPODA
  • 7.5.7 MOLLUSCA
  • 7.5.8 ECHINODERMATA
  • 7.5.9 PROTOCHORDATA
  • 7.5.10 VERTEBRATA
  • 7.5.10 (ii) AMPHIBIA
  • 7.5.10 (iii) REPTILIA
  • 7.5.10 (V) MAMMALIA

• 7.6 Nomenclature

8. MOTION

• 8.1 Describing Motion
  • 8.1.1 MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE
  • 8.1.2 UNIFORM MOTION AND NONUNIFORM MOTION

• 8.2 Measuring the Rate of Motion
  • 8.2.1 SPEED WITH DIRECTION

• 8.3 Rate of Change of Velocity

• 8.4 Graphical Representation of Motion
  • 8.4.1 DISTANCE–TIME GRAPHS
  • 8.4.2 VELOCITY-TIME GRAPHS
  • 8.5 Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
    • 8.5.1 EQUATION FOR VELOCITY-TIME RELATION
    • 8.5.2 EQUATION FOR POSITION-TIME RELATION
    • 8.5.3 EQUATION FOR POSITION–VELOCITY RELATION
  • 8.6 Uniform Circular Motion

9. FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

• 9.1 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

• 9.2 First Law of Motion

• 9.3 Inertia and Mass

• 9.4 Second Law of Motion
  • 9.4.1 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF SECOND LAW OF MOTION

• 9.5 Third Law of Motion

• 9.6 Conservation of Momentum

10. GRAVITATION

• 10.1.1 UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
  • 10.1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION

• 10.2 Free Fall
  • 10.2.1 TO CALCULATE THE VALUE OF g

• 10.3 Mass

• 10.4 Weight
  • 10.4.1 WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT ON THE MOON

• 10.5 Thrust and Pressure
  • 10.5.1 PRESSURE IN FLUIDS
  • 10.5.2 BUOYANCY

• 10.6 Archimedes' Principle

• 10.7 Relative Density

11. WORK AND ENERGY

• 11.1 Work
  • 11.1.2 SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF WORK
  • 11.1.3 WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE

• 11.2 Energy
  • 11.2.1 FORMS OF ENERGY
  • 11.2.2 KINETIC ENERGY
  • 11.2.3 POTENTIAL ENERGY
  • 11.2.4 POTENTIAL ENERGY OF AN OBJECT AT A HEIGHT
  • 11.2.5 ARE VARIOUS ENERGY FORMS INTERCONVERTIBLE?
  • 11.2.6 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

• 11.3 Rate of Doing Work
  • 11.3.1 COMMERCIAL UNIT OF ENERGY

12. SOUND

• 12.1 Production of Sound

• 12.2 Propagation of Sound
  • 12.2.1 SOUND NEEDS A MEDIUM TO TRAVEL
  • 12.2.2 SOUND WAVES ARE LONGITUDINAL WAVES
  • 12.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOUND WAVE
  • 12.2.4 SPEED OF SOUND IN DIFFERENT MEDIA

• 12.3 Reflection of Sound
  • 12.3.1 ECHO
  • 12.3.2 REVERBERATION
  • 12.3.3 USES OF MULTIPLE REFLECTION OF SOUND

• 12.4 Range of Hearing

• 12.5 Applications of Ultrasound
  • 12.5.1 SONAR

• 12.6 Structure of Human Ear

13. WHY DO WE FALL ILL

• 13.1 Health and its Failure
  • 13.1.1 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ‘HEALTH’
  • 13.1.2 PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY ISSUES BOTH MATTER FOR HEALTH
  • 13.1.3 DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN ‘HEALTHY’ AND ‘DISEASE-FREE’

• 13.2 Disease and Its Causes
  • 13.2.1 WHAT DOES DISEASE LOOK LIKE?
  • 13.2.2 ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES
  • 13.2.3 CHRONIC DISEASES AND POOR HEALTH
  • 13.2.4 CAUSES OF DISEASES
  • 13.2.5 INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS CAUSES

• 13.3 Infections Diseases
  • 13.3.1 INFECTIONS AGENTS
  • 13.3.2 MEANS OF SPREAD
  • 13.3.3 ORGAN-SPECIFIC AND TISSUE SPECIFIC MANIFESTATION
  • 13.3.4 PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
  • 13.3.5 PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION

14. NATURAL RESOURCES

• 14.1 The Breath of Life: Air
  • 14.1.1 THE ROLE OF THE ATMOSPHERE IN CLIMATE CONTROL
  • 14.1.2 THE MOVEMENT OF AIR: WINGS
  • 14.1.3 RAIN
  • 14.1.4 AIR POLLUTION

• 14.2 Water: A Wonder Liquid
  • 14.2.1 WATER POLLUTION

• 14.3 Mineral Riches in the Soil

• 14.4 Biogeochemical Cycles
  • 14.4.1 THE WATER-CYCLE
  • 14.4.2 THE NITROGEN-CYCLE
  • 14.4.3 THE CARBON-CYCLE
  • 14.4.3 (i) THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
  • 14.4.4 THE OXYGEN-CYCLE

• 14.5 Ozone Layer

15. IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

• 15.1 Improvement in Crop Yields
  • 15.1.1 CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
  • 15.1.2 CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
  • 15.1.2 (i) NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
  • 15.1.2 (ii) IRRIGATION
  • 15.1.2 (iii) CROPPING PATTERNS
  • 15.1.3 CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT

• 15.2 Animal Husbandry
  • 15.2.1 CATTLE FARMING
  • 15.2.2 POULTRY FARMING
  • 15.2.3 FISH PRODUCTION
  • 15.2.3 (i) MARINE FISHERIES
  • 15.2.3 (ii) INLAND FISHERIES
  • 15.2.4 BEE-KEEPING