Evolutionary biology deals with the study of organisms' evolution in response to changes in the environment as well as their relationship with other organisms. Life existed on earth for about three billion years and during the first two billion years microorganisms like bacteria existed. Multi celled organisms evolved about a billion years ago with the development of cells with nuclei.

Natural selection caused organisms with inherited advantage for survival and reproduction to grow faster. The process of natural selection in a changing environment over millions of years produced a succession of diverse new species.

Bioinformatics made it possible to trace the evolution of a large number of organisms by measuring changes in their DNA. Evolutionary algorithms made available from Bioinformatics are now used to solve multi-dimensional problems more efficiently and also to optimize the design of systems.