Fluorosis The most superficial concern in fluorosis is aesthetic changes in the permanent dentition (the adult teeth). These changes are prone to occur in children who are excessively exposed to fluoride between 1 to 4 years old, and the child is no longer at risk after 8 years of age.

Fluorosis was first observed in the early 1900's. Researchers were surprised by the high prevalence of what was called "Colorado Brown Stain" on the teeth of native–born residents of Colorado Springs. The stains were caused by high levels of fluoride in the local water supply. People with these stains also had an unusually high resistance to dental cavities.

Although fluorosis is not a disease, its effects can be psychologically distressing and difficult to treat. Symptoms of fluorosis range from tiny white specks or streaks that may be unnoticeable to dark brown stains and rough, pitted enamel that is difficult to clean. Also taking a higher– than–prescribed amount of a fluoride supplement during early childhood can also cause it.

Fluoride in water is mostly of geological origin. Waters with high levels of fluoride content are mostly found at the foot of high mountains and in areas where the sea has made geological deposits. Removal of excessive fluoride from drinking–water is difficult and expensive. The preferred option is to find a supply of safe drinking–water with safe fluoride levels. Teeth that are unaffected by fluorosis are smooth and glossy.