PCR: Invitro amplification of DNA molecule
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful core molecular biology technique. It is an efficient and rapid in vitro method for enzymatic amplification of specific DNA or RNA sequences from nucleic acids of various sources. DNA cloning is the process of extracting just one region of the genome and producing many identical molecules of this DNA sequence.
Invitro DNA cloning: The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that rapidly amplifies specific DNA sequences. PCR is a very sensitive technique that requires small amounts of DNA (as little as 1 – 2 molecules of DNA), which are amplified and copied over a billion times. Because of its sensitivity, PCR has revolutionized many aspects of molecular biology and genetics, including diagnoses of diseases and forensic science.
Invivo DNA cloning: DNA cloning is the process of extracting just one region of the genome and producing many identical molecules of this DNA sequence. In order to do so, a recombinant DNA molecule (the DNA sequence of interest joined to a vector sequence) is constructed. (A vector is a DNA molecule that has the ability to replicate in an appropriate host cell, and into which the DNA fragment to be cloned (called DNA insert) is integrated for cloning. Therefore, a vector must have an origin of DNA replication (denoted as ori) that functions in the host cell. Any extra – chromosomal small genome, e.g., plasmid, phage and virus, may be used as a vector.)